A sustainable thermochemical conversion of animal biomass to N-heterocycles

Abstract The production of high-valued organonitrogen chemicals, especially N-heterocycles, requires artificial N 2 fixation accompanied by the consumption fossil resources. To avoid use these energy- and resource-intensive processes, we develop a sustainable strategy to convert nitrogen-rich animal biomass into N-heterocycles through thermochemical conversion process (TCP) under atmospheric pressure. A high percentage (87.51%) were obtained after TCP bovine skin due abundance nitrogen-containing amino acids (e.g., glycine, proline, l -hydroxyproline). Animal with more diverse acid composition muscles) yielded higher concentrations amines/amides nitriles TCP. In addition, introducing catalysts (KOH for pyrrole Al O 3 cyclo-Gly–Pro) TCP, quantities cyclo-Gly–Pro increased 30.79 mg g −1 38.88 , respectively. This approach can be used significant waste generated annually from culls valued chemicals while circumventing NH -dependent petrochemical-dependent synthesis routes. Graphical